Financing Motor Vehicles

Brad Dickfos • May 15, 2023

One of the most common decisions facing business is how to finance and account for the acquisition of a motor vehicle. There are numerous way of doing do, with each resulting in differing accounting, taxation and GST treatment.


Options


How should you you go about purchasing a vehicle? While it may seem a relatively straightforward question, there are numerous ways of doing so. Some of the more common methods are:


  • Outright purchase
  • Lease
  • Hire purchase, or
  • Chattel mortgage.


Outright Purchase


The advantage of purchasing a vehicle outright, as opposed to financing the acquisition of the vehicle, is that there will be no ongoing costs of finance. This is a real benefit now that interest rates are on the rise. On the downside, the outright purchase of a vehicle can impact greatly on the cash resources of an entity when those funds may be better utilised elsewhere. It is far easier to obtain finance for the acquisition of a vehicle than it is for the acquisition of trading stock. Care should therefore be taken not to cripple your business's cashflow if considering an outright purchase.


Lease


Rather than choosing to acquire a vehicle outright, your business may elect to finance the acquisition. The central issue that surrounds any form of financing, and how it is to be accounted for, is whether the person providing the asset under the finance arrangement is the legal owner of that asset. This issue goes to the heart of how the finance transaction is to be treated and is often the subject of ATO scrutiny.


The ATO has warned taxpayers about the trap of claiming deductions for what appear to be lease payments when in fact the finance arrangement is a hire purchase or similar type of transaction. The only way to identify the difference is to read the terms and conditions of the finance agreement.


The ATO will consider a finance arrangement to be a lease when:


  • there is no option to purchase the vehicle written into the agreement, and
  • the residual value reflects a bona fide estimate of the vehicle's market value at termination.


If these two conditions are not met, the ATO considers the finance agreement to be a hire purchase or other instalment type agreement.


Under a leasing arrangement, the lease payments are a deductible amount to the extent the vehicle is used for income producing purposed, and the financed sum is not typically booked on the balance sheet of the entity.


Hire Purchase


This is simply another form of finance. Its tax and GST treatment however is vastly different from both that of leasing and acquisition by chattel mortgage. As a result, this form of finance needs to be considered on its own merits.


In essence, a hire purchase arrangement is an agreement to purchase goods by instalments. The term hire purchase is defined as:


"a contract for the hire of goods where:


  1. the hirer has the right or obligation to buy the goods; and
  2. the charge that is or may be made for the hire, together with any amount of payable under the contract (including an amount to buy the goods or to exercise an option to do so), exceeds the price of the goods; and
  3. title in the goods does not pass to the hirer until the option to purchase is exercised; or
  4. where the title in the goods does not pass until the final instalment is paid".


Unlike a lease, where there is no obligation to acquire the goods at the end of the instalment period, a hire purchase arrangement provides for this obligation and as such the goods will be eventually owned by the purchaser.


Chattel Mortgage


A chattel mortgage from the perspective of recording the asset purchase and recognising the liability is identical to that of a hire purchase arrangement. The difference between a chattel mortgage and other forms of finance such as hire purchase and lease comes when dealing with the GST consequences.


Not sure? Please contact us if you would like to discuss your options and the tax consequences.



By Brad Dickfos December 18, 2025
Most of us keep a close eye on our bank accounts. But superannuation can be easier to lose track of, especially if you’ve changed jobs, moved house, changed your name, or simply set up a new fund and assumed everything followed you. That’s why the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) has issued a timely reminder. There is now $18.9 billion in lost and unclaimed super sitting across Australia. That’s up $1.1 billion since 2024 and spread across just under 7.3 million accounts. In other words, a lot of Australians have retirement savings that aren’t currently working for them and some of it could be yours. What “lost” or “unclaimed” super actually means Super doesn’t vanish, but it can go missing from your radar. It typically happens when an account becomes inactive and your super fund can’t contact you, or when you end up with multiple funds over the years. The ATO also holds certain amounts of super on behalf of individuals, for example, small inactive balances that have been transferred to the ATO, or other unclaimed amounts. The average amount of lost or unclaimed super is around $2,590 per person. That might not sound life-changing today, but over time it can grow into tens of thousands by retirement. A special note if you have an SMSF If you have an SMSF, this ATO update is particularly worth paying attention to. When you established your SMSF, you might have transferred most of your super across, but kept some behind, for example, to retain insurance cover through another fund. That means there could still be older super accounts from past jobs or retail/industry funds sitting in your name. The ATO is urging SMSF members to do a check, because a share of the $18.9 billion in lost and unclaimed super might be yours and could be rolled into your SMSF. One important practical tip is that if you locate lost super and want to move it into your SMSF, but your SMSF doesn’t show up as a transfer option in ATO online services, it’s often due to the fund’s compliance status. Take a moment to confirm your SMSF is listed as “complying” or “registered” on Super Fund Lookup. How to check for lost super (it only takes minutes) The ATO has made this super simple (pun intended!). You can: 1. Log in to myGov and go to ATO online services 2. Navigate to the Super section to view: Super held by the ATO Any lost or unclaimed accounts 3. Request a transfer to an eligible super account. Even if you don’t find anything, you’ll at least know everything is where it should be. Simple habits that help you stay on top of super Finding lost super is great but preventing it from happening at all is even better. A few easy habits can make a big difference: Keep your details up to date with your fund and the ATO so you stay contactable. Check whether you’ve got more than one account. Multiple accounts can mean multiple fees and duplicated insurance Consider consolidating if it suits your situation. Fewer accounts can mean lower fees and easier management but just be sure to check any insurance you might lose before rolling over Read your annual statement. It’s a quick way to confirm contributions, fees, returns, investment mix and beneficiaries. Why acting now matters Since 2022, the ATO has already reunited Australians with about $5.5 billion in previously unclaimed super. But there’s still nearly $19 billion waiting to be found. A few minutes today could translate into a healthier retirement balance later. It’s easy to put super in the “deal with it later” basket, but it’s still your hard-earned money. If you want a hand finding lost super, combining accounts, or moving money into your SMSF, reach out to us. We can guide you through the steps and make sure you’re able to claim any lost super without any hassles.
By Brad Dickfos December 9, 2025
Sometimes it can be, but only in limited circumstances. The tax deductibility of expenditure on clothing is subject to strict ATO guidelines. These cover occupation-specific clothing, compulsory or registered non-compulsory uniforms and protective items. Conventional clothing What you can’t claim is the cost of conventional clothing, even where your employer expects you to observe a particular dress style. You might work in an office environment, and your employer expects you to wear a business suit to work, even though you wouldn’t have even bought the suit but for your employer’s dress requirements. While the cost of the suit might seem like a work related expense, it is not deductible as it is conventional clothing that could also be worn outside of work. This makes it a private expense, even though it relates directly to your employment. Conventional clothing includes business attire, non-monogrammed black trousers and white shirts worn by wait staff, non-protective jeans and drill shirts worn by tradies and athletic clothes and shoes worn by PE teachers. Occupation-specific clothing On the other hand, occupation-specific clothing falls on the deductible side of the line, for example a chef’s distinctive chequered pants or a health worker’s blue uniform, including nurses’ stockings and non-slip shoes. Compulsory uniforms The cost of clothing that forms part of a compulsory uniform is generally deductible. A compulsory uniform is a set of clothing that identifies you as an employee of a particular organisation. Your employer must make it compulsory to wear the uniform and have a strictly enforced workplace policy in place. You can only claim a deduction for shoes, socks and stockings if: They are an essential part of a distinctive compulsory uniform, and The characteristics (the colour, style and type) are an integral and distinctive part of your uniform that your employer specifies in the uniform policy, for example, airline cabin crew members. You can claim for a single item of clothing such as a jumper if it's distinctive and compulsory for you to wear it at work. An item of clothing is unique and distinctive if it: Has been designed and made only for the employer, and Has the employer's logo permanently attached and is not available to the public. Just wearing a jumper of a particular colour is not part of a compulsory uniform, even if your employer requires you to wear it, or you pin a badge to it. Non-compulsory uniforms You can only claim for non-compulsory work uniforms if your employer has registered the design with AusIndustry. This means the uniform has to be on the Register of Approved Occupational Clothing. Your employer will be able to clarify whether your uniform is registered. Protective clothing The cost of protective clothing is deductible, and covers such items as: Fire-resistant clothing Sun protection clothing with a UPF sun protection rating Hi-viz vests Non-slip nurse’s shoes Protective boots, such as steel-capped boots or rubber boots for concreters Gloves and heavy-duty shirts and trousers Occupational heavy duty wet-weather gear Boiler suits, overalls, smocks or aprons you wear to avoid damaging or soiling your ordinary clothes during your work activities. Laundry and dry-cleaning costs and repairs You are entitled to a deduction for the cost of cleaning your deductible clothing. If you launder them at home, the Tax Office will allow you a deduction of $1 per load where the load contains only deductible clothing, or 50 cents per load where deductible clothing is mixed with other items. You are entitled to claim the cost of dry-cleaning deductible clothing, as well as the cost of mending and repairs. Record keeping You should keep receipts or other documentary evidence of your expenditure on buying, laundering or repairing deductible work clothing. Proof of laundering clothing at home can be in the form of diary entries. Allowances If your employer pays you a clothing allowance, this needs to be included in your assessable income, and you can only claim what you have actually spent. Feel free to come and see us for advice as to whether your expenditure on work clothing is deductible.
By Brad Dickfos December 1, 2025
Big news for anyone with a large super balance – the government has gone back to the drawing board on the controversial Division 296 tax , and the changes are a big step toward fairness and common sense. A quick recap When the Division 296 tax was first announced in 2023, it caused an uproar. The main problem? It would have taxed unrealised gains, that is, paper profits you haven’t actually made yet and set a $3 million threshold that wasn’t indexed meaning it wouldn’t rise with inflation. After a wave of feedback from the industry, the government has listened. The Treasurer’s new announcement, made in October 2025, fixes some of the biggest issues. The revamped version is designed to be fairer, simpler, and more in line with how tax usually works. The plan is to start the new system from 1 July 2026, with the first tax bills expected in 2027–28. What’s changing Here’s what’s new under the revised Division 296 tax: · Only real earnings will be taxed. No more tax on unrealised gains as you’ll only pay on earnings you’ve actually made. · Super funds will work out members’ real earnings and report this to the ATO. · The $3 million threshold will be indexed to inflation in $150,000 increments, keeping pace with rising costs. · A new $10 million threshold will be introduced. Earnings above that will be taxed at a higher rate of 40%, and that threshold will also rise with inflation. · The start date is pushed back to 1 July 2026, giving everyone more time to prepare. · Defined benefit pensions are included, so all types of super funds are treated the same. So what does this mean in practice? Think of it as a tiered tax system: · Up to $3 million – normal super tax of 15%. · Between $3 million and $10 million – taxed at 30%. · Over $10 million – taxed at 40%. Basically, the more you have in super, the higher the tax rate on your earnings above those thresholds. How it will work Super funds will continue reporting members’ balances to the ATO, which will figure out who’s over the $3 million mark. If you are, your fund will tell the ATO your actual earnings (not paper gains). The ATO will then calculate how much extra tax you owe. We don’t yet have the fine print on what exactly counts as “realised earnings,” but it’s likely to mean profits you’ve actually made, similar to how taxable income is treated now. What’s still up in the air While these updates make the system much fairer, there are still a few unanswered questions: · What exactly counts as “earnings”? Will it only include profits made after 1 July 2026, or could older gains that are sold later be included too? · What happens with capital gains? Super funds usually get a one-third discount on capital gains for assets held over a year, but it’s unclear whether that will still apply. · How will pension-phase income be handled? Some super income is tax-free when you’re in the pension phase, and we don’t yet know how that will interact with the new rules. · Can people with over $10 million move money out? If your earnings above $10 million are taxed at 40%, you might want to shift funds elsewhere but the government hasn’t said if that’ll be allowed. What it means for you If your super balance is over $10 million, the proposed rules mean that a portion of your superannuation earnings could attract a higher tax rate of up to 40%. For people with between $3 million and $10 million, the new system could also change how much tax applies to their super earnings, depending on how the final legislation defines “realised gains.”  But don’t rush. These rules aren’t law yet, and if you take your super out, it’s hard to put it back because of contribution limits. It’s best to wait for the final legislation and get professional advice before making any decision to withdraw benefits from super.